case study Iridium - 1062 Words

Iridium Case Study Iridium is a famous case in which Motorola and other well known companies invested about $5 billion in a satellite venture that would enable a person to use his cell phone around the world. The investment included more than $2.2 billion in debt. Soon after operations began, the company declared bankruptcy and its assets were ultimately sold for only $25 million, leaving the lenders with a total loss. It is obvious that projections made by the company and endorsed by the most prestigious banks on Wall Street were comical leading to massive losses for banks, debt investors and equity investors. It is also clear that the company made some mistakes in marketing such as not having sufficient phones available after a†¦show more content†¦The phones were obviously bulky and there were service problems because the phones were difficult to use in buildings. Despite all of this, if the price was low enough, the system may theoretically be viable. Since most of the costs were fix ed, if the price was low enough to encourage much higher usage, maybe the technology would have been viable. I would like you evaluate the cost structure of the model through doing the following: Run a case with much lower prices – down to $.25 per minute on a retail basis (do this by adjusting the sensitivity factor for retail rates). Then increase the usage and compute the amount of usage required to break-even. What is the problem with this scenario in terms of the capacity of the satellite system. Step 5: General Discussion about Mistakes Made by Bankers In the final part of the case I would like you to think about the underlying mistakes made by lenders in making more than $2 billion of loans. Please do not simply say that projections of the number of subscribers and the price realized by the company were absurd –we all know that now. Address the question of whether an untested marketing plan on a new product with high prices is bankable under any circumstances. Discuss issues like: In general, can you make loans to companies when there is no operatingShow MoreRelatedManaging Information Technology (7th Edition)239873 Words   |  960 PagesCONTENTS: CASE STUDIES CASE STUDY 1 Midsouth Chamber of Commerce (A): The Role of the Operating Manager in Information Systems CASE STUDY I-1 IMT Custom Machine Company, Inc.: Selection of an Information Technology Platform CASE STUDY I-2 VoIP2.biz, Inc.: Deciding on the Next Steps for a VoIP Supplier CASE STUDY I-3 The VoIP Adoption at Butler University CASE STUDY I-4 Supporting Mobile Health Clinics: The Children’s Health Fund of New York City CASE STUDY I-5 DataRead Moreproject management case studies 4th edi1056 Words   |  5 PagesManagement. Case Studies. 4th Edition Description: A new edition of the most popular book of project management case studies, expanded to include more than 100 cases plus a super case on the Iridium Project Case studies are an important part of project management education and training. This Fourth Edition of Harold Kerzners Project Management Case Studies features a number of new cases covering value measurement in project management. Also included is the well-received super case, which coversRead MoreThe Rise, Fall And Resurrection Of Iridium : A Project Management Perspective2100 Words   |  9 PagesReference: Case Study â€Å"The rise, Fall and Resurrection of Iridium: A Project Management Perspective† Problem 1 Read â€Å"The Rise, Fall and Resurrection of Iridium: A Project Management Perspective† case study handed to you in class and address the following points: 1) In â€Å"Lectures 4-9† we talked about the importance of collecting customer needs and defining the scope of the project before starting the design phase. a. What was the scope of the Iridium project and who defined it? The Iridium project wasRead More Contrasting Theories on the Extinction of Dinosaurs Essay examples1273 Words   |  6 Pagesstruck. There was a lot of arguments as to which scientist would take the core section to analyze. In the end even though they came to a reasonable agreement the terms of the agreement were not met, which left many researchers short of their chance to study the latest find. Geochemist Erika Elswick did not have enough time to analyze sulphur isotopes in the section, she had hoped to find out how far debris from the impact was thrown. However paleontologist Gerta Keller claimed that â€Å"foraminifera continuedRead MoreHow Did the Dinosaurs Die and Will It Affect Humans in the Future2142 Words   |  9 Pagesthis event was caused by climate and geological changes that interrupted the dinosaurs food supply. However, in the 1980s, father-and-son scientists Luis (1911-88) and Walter Alvarez (1940- ) discovered in the geological record, a distinct layer of iridi um (an element found in abundance only in space) that corresponds to the precise time the dinosaurs died. This suggests that a comet, asteroid or meteor impact event may have caused the extinction of the dinosaurs. In the 1990s, scientists located theRead MoreMetal-Only Lewis Pairs with Transition Metal Lewis Basas2153 Words   |  9 Pagestrans-[IrCl(CO)(PPh3)2]. This was achieved by reducing iridium(III) to iridium(I) using just triphenylphosphine and an alcohol. This was significant because they had prepared an iridium carbonyl complex without the use of carbon monoxide. This complex has reversible dioxygen coordination, but more importantly, it is extremely reactive with acids, halides, and dihydrogen yielding stable Ir(III) addition products. The discovery of this Iridium complex meant that laboratories across the globe couldRead MoreThe End Permian Mass Extinction Essay6177 Words   |  25 Pagesocean and terrestrial environments slowly changing.brbriGeochemical evidence/ibr The research done by Xu Dao-Yi and Yan Zheng (1993)gives evidence for an extraterristrial event. They made a table which showed the distribution of carbon 13, iridium, and microspherules across the P/T (Permian and Triassic) border. The section was over a thickness of 35 cm. They found a sudden depletion in C-13 falling from a value near zero to a minimum of less than -6% in some samples. Similar patterns of C-13Read MoreCritical Review Of Interfaces With The Peripheral Nervous System For The Control Of Neuroprostheses And Hybrid Bionic Systems2237 Words   |  9 PagesSystems’: Various neuroprostheses were developed to substitute artificially in patients with neurological disability which allows neuromuscular stimulation and also neural signal recording. As there is much development in the electronic implants and study of neural functions which helped in introduction of interfaces that work by interchanging the information between Central nervous system and instruments which are connected to the computer. Many architectures are developed and they were also testedRead MoreProject Managment Case Studies214937 Words   |  860 PagesPROJECT MANAGEMENT CASE STUDIES, SECOND EDITION - PROJECT MANAGEMENT CASE STUDIES, SECOND EDITION HAROLD KERZNER, Ph.D. Division of Business Administration Baldwin-Wallace College Berea, Ohio John Wiley Sons, Inc. This book is printed on acid-free paper. @ Copyright O 2006 by John Wiley Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Published by John Wiley Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey Published simultaneously in Canada No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored inRead MoreAdvancements Of Modern Paleontology : A Research Term Paper3470 Words   |  14 Pagesthe line between biology and geology it helps us to understand past life forms. This better understanding up the past helps in the prediction of future events. Over the past sixty years or so have come a number of great advancements in this area of study. Traditionally advancements in paleontology have come by way of field discoveries, these are very important; however there have been a number of other advancements that have occurred that are in lab work and theories. Some of the lab technology involves

Crime in America Essay - 808 Words

Parole (early release from prison) is often referred to as the back door to the US corrections system. The concept of parole dates back to the establishment of the Elmira Reformatory. The goal of the Elmira Reformatory was to rehabilitate and reform the criminal instead of following the traditional method of silence, obedience, and labor. Parole was originally set up to encourage prisoners to do well, keep their noses clean, and become model prisoners. Once a prisoner had shown rehabilitation and reform they were released prior to the execution of their full sentence. Before a prisoner can be released on parole he/she must meet before a parole board. Each prison with a parole system is set up with one of two types of parole services.†¦show more content†¦The job of these members is to determine whether or not the inmate up for parole is suitable for release. Before an inmate comes before the parole board there are procedures that must happen. The first thing that happens is the inmate’s name will appear on a computer-generated list. The victims will be notified of the possible parole. The list of names is sent to the Transitional Planning Department. At the TPD a case manager will be assigned to interview the inmate and find out his/her plan for parole. This plan is filed and is sent to the parole board. The parole board then interviews the inmate and will vote on the case. If parole is granted the prison officials will prepare the inmate for release. However if parole is denied the inmate will be given a conditional release date which is usually within one to three years where the process will start all over. In order to determine whether or not the inmate is suitable for parole the board will review his/her record. This record has past convictions, education obtained, prior employment, and behavior in prison among other things. The way that the system is set up only those who have been reformed and rehabilitated and serve as no threat to society will be released. In theory this is an excellent system if used right. However in today’s society we do not have the resources or facilities to use this system properly. We would like to think that we are drawing from the concepts setShow MoreRelatedCrime Rates in America1161 Words   |  5 PagesCrime Rates In America Elliot H. Maysonet CJA/204 08 April 2013 Prof. Ron Alter Crime Rates In America In society’s day and age, Americans believe that crime has been steadily increasing. This perspective is based on information provided to the public by criminologist. Our society relies heavily on statistical data to measure criminality and the effectiveness of the laws that govern society. This data is collected and formulated to create what is known as national crime reports. These reportsRead MoreCrime in Urban America Essay1051 Words   |  5 PagesCrime in Urban America has been around for many years, it is atrocious and there are many reasons why people commit these crimes. Crime is a big issue all around the world and while there is more production of drugs and loss of jobs, the crime rate will continue to increase day by day. While there are many motives that contribute to crime the most obvious causes would be poverty which causes the poor to adapt into a violent and aggressive behavior to which later becomes ingrained into them. The environmentRead MoreCrime Control in America Essay1598 Words   |  7 PagesThere has long been a debate over which, if any, are the most effective methods of crime control. Governments from bottom to top in our nation have poured over the issue with mixed results for as long as there has been a nation. Until very recently deterrence was completely based on fear of punishment. However, recent years have provided us with a more complete understanding of crime and its roots among the more desirable parts of our society, specifically the mind of a criminal. Through theRead More Poverty and Crime in America Essay3689 Words   |  15 Pages Crime in this country is an everyday thing. Some people believe that crime is unnecessary. That people do it out of ignorance and that it really can be prevented. Honestly, since we live in a country where there is poverty, people living in the streets, or with people barely getting by, there will always be crime. Whether the crime is robbing food, money, or even hurtin g the people you love, your family. You will soon read about how being a criminal starts or even stops, where it beginsRead MoreControlling A Crime Crisis Of America1792 Words   |  8 PagesControlling a Crime Crisis After years of plaguing America’s streets and taking millions of lives, crime rates have finally given up their spot and drastically fallen. In the last decade, crime rates on the streets have fallen near fifty percent from where they were in the beginning in North America (Griffiths). It is no coincidence that crime rates fell so much while technology became an essential in everyday American lifestyle simultaneously. America’s streets are no longer one of the scariestRead MoreAmerica s Fear Of Crime819 Words   |  4 Pages America’s â€Å"fear of crime† has developed an incarceration binge that has resulted in a disparity in America’s prisons, largely, affecting the underclass; dishonored groups caught in a symbiosis of the ghetto and prison, meaning, that ghettos have become more like prisons, and so undermined the inmate society, as such, turned prisons, more like ghettos; hence, developed a state wherein the criminal justice system is the instrument to control the poor (Wacquant, 2010). Inevitably, societal isolationRead MoreFuture Of Crime : The United States Of America Essay1394 Words   |  6 Pages Future of Crime Investigation in United States of America Writer’s Name Institution’s Name Future of Crime Investigation in United States of America Crime Investigation is an important aspect of the law enforcement in any country. It is considered as the most vital aspect of legal system as both the law and order as well as justice system is dependent over the quality of crime investigation in the country. Not only that. There are several aspects related directly or indirectly withRead MoreEssay about Crime in Latin America1197 Words   |  5 Pagestreated from the beginning. Crime has become a big problem during these hard times with the poor economy, but it has especially affected Latin America because of all the problems that overcrowded prisons have brought forward. In Latin America Brazil and Mexico are the two largest countries that have been affected with having the highest percentage of crimes, inmates in prisons, and concerns with overcrowded prisons. And these increase with the high crime rates in Latin America that are rising due toRead MoreAmerica Vs. Corporations : Corporate Crime1359 Words   |  6 PagesEnglish 191 4 March 2016 America vs. Corporations Committing a corporate crime seems tempting at times, and the culprits usually feel as if their crime is justified. They justify their choice to steal from the company by assuming that the only person who would be affected is the CEO, or somebody that would not notice a dent in their hefty salary. However, it is naive to think of these types of crimes in a way that doesn’t adequately explain the ripple affect each crime has on society. The mainRead MoreHate Crime in the United States of America1698 Words   |  7 PagesHate Crime in the United States of America THESIS: In this research paper, information will be given on hate crime in the United States of America. It’s best to know about these types of crimes before it’s too late because it’s rarely reported or spoken about but does occur on regular bases. Hate crime didnt come about until the early 1980s. Its sad how these types of crimes still occur so many years later; there are innocent people who are attacked simply because of their race, religion

Quotes for Coping With a Lost Love

A Doll House by Henrik Ibsen - 7379 Words

Ma. Jennifer S. Yap Dr. Sherwin Perlas World Literature January 14, 2012 A Doll House by Henrik Ibsen Translated by Rolf Fjelde I. Introduction During the late nineteenth century, women were enslaved in their gender roles and certain restrictions were enforced on them by a male dominant culture. Every woman was raised believing that they had neither self-control nor self-government but that they must yield to the control of a stronger gender. John Stuart Mill wrote in his essay, â€Å"The Subjection of Women†, that women were, â€Å"wholly under the role of men and each private being under the obligation of disobedience to the man with whom she has associated her destiny†. This issue of gender roles in the society propelled to the production of†¦show more content†¦It was first published in Copenhagen on December 4, 1879. According to Ibsen’s biographer, C. D. Merriman, A Doll House was based on the life of Laura Kieler. She is a good friend of Ibsen. Much of what happened between Nora and Torvald happened to Laura and her husband, Victor, with the exception of being forged the s ignature that was the basis of Nora’s loan. He turned this life situation into an aesthetically shaped successful drama. The author’s ingenuity and precise description of social problems have been adored by various critics; let me cite some of them: The critic Erik Bogh admired Ibsen’s originality and technical mastery: â€Å"not a single declamatory phrase, no high dramatics, no drop of blood, not even a tear† ( qtd. in Bradford). Georg Brandes, a contemporary critic, said of Ibsen that: â€Å" His progress from one work to the other is not due to a rich variety of themes and ideas, but on the contrary to perpetual scrutiny of the same general questions, regarded from different points of view† (qtd. in Bradford). Furthermore, the play stunned audiences for it criticizes the traditional roles of men and women in nineteenth-century society. To many nineteenth-century Europeans this was scandalous (Bradford). Although the play was stormed with iss ues, Ibsinite drama influenced other playwrights of his time including GeorgeShow MoreRelatedA Doll House By Henrik Ibsen901 Words   |  4 PagesA Doll House showcases the harsh reality and truth of someone being something that they are not, and it shows the journey that Nora Helmer has to take to realize what she wants in life to find the real her. Throughout the play A Doll House by Henrik Ibsen, we learn about the main character and her qualities. Nora Helmer is the wife of Torvald Helmer, who became very unhealthy. By trying to help her husband’s health, Nora begins going into debt and commits a criminal offense, forgery; she does allRead MoreA Doll House by Henrik Ibsen1712 Words   |  7 PagesIn Henrik Ibsen’s play, A Doll House, Nora Helmer represents many feministic ideals of the late eighteen hundreds. The ending is often what the play as a whole is remembered by, due to its shocking nature. Nora, the female lead of the play decides to leave her home sudde nly, after a confrontation with her husband Torvald and never returns. Many saw this as a huge decision that was made abruptly, however what they fail to notice are the aspects that motivated Nora from the start of the play. At firstRead MoreA Doll House By Henrik Ibsen901 Words   |  4 PagesA Doll House The play A Doll House written by Henrik Ibsen has strong symbolisms such as the doll house, Christmas tree, macaroons, and New Year’s day that help outline the theme. The author uses symbolisms to pull his audience in and allow them to feel the full effect of inequality and emotional abuse men gave women in the year of 1879, when Ibsen wrote this play. The first symbolism in this play is the Christmas tree which represents Nora’s inner state of mind. In Act 2 the stage directions describeRead MoreA Doll House By Henrik Ibsen Essay1787 Words   |  8 Pagesthe importance of divine or supernatural matters. Humanism is often mistaken for feminism which is one of the major controversies of A Doll House by Henrik Ibsen. The idea of humanism becomes apparent through Nora’s interactions with Torvald, Torvald’s interactions with Nora, and Torvald’s interactions with other characters in the play. Many argue that A Doll House, is a feminist play due to its portrayal of the characters which emphasized many values of feminism, but in actuality the play addressesRead MoreA Doll House By Henrik Ibsen850 Words   |  4 PagesA Doll House was written by Henrik Ibsen in 1879. There are two woman in the play, Nora and Mrs. Linde who have some differences, but also share some similarities. Nora is married to Torvald Helm er, they have three children together. Miss. Linde is a widow an took care of her younger siblings and her now deceased mother. Nora and Mrs. Linde are different in the way they have lived the past couple of years and how at the end of act three they are changing their lifestyles by either going from independentRead MoreA Doll House By Henrik Ibsen1194 Words   |  5 Pagesas around the world, in the late 1870’s. Henrik Ibsen’s 1879 play, â€Å"A Doll House,† demonstrates how women wore a faà §ade in society when dealing with men, through the main character Nora. In the play â€Å"A Doll House†, the reader can have an idea on how some men in the late 1870s in Norway act towards women. After the people of Norway read and viewed the play, there was a lot of controversy over â€Å"A Doll House†, because of the main character Nora decisions. Ibsen himself stated that â€Å"for him the issue wasRead MoreA Doll House By Henrik Ibsen932 Words   |  4 PagesIn Henrik Ibsen’s A Doll House, a drama play, which takes place in Elmer’s house. It takes place during winter which begins when Nora enters through the door. In A Doll House, I believe the inciting incident is Torvalds promotion at the bank. They never have to worry about money again. Nora’s old friend, Mrs. Christine Linde, who is in need of help comes to visit Nora and ask for help. Torvald gives her a job. You also have Dr.Rank , who is a family friend who is slowly dying of tuberculosis. ThingsRead MoreA Doll House by Henrik Ibsen564 Words   |  2 Pagesâ€Å"Forgery. Do you have any idea what that means† (1745), Torvald questions his wife Nora in Henrik Ibsen’s A Doll House (1879). In this play, Henrik Ibsen features individuals struggling for an authentic identity. The story focuses on an unspoken matter. Nora Helmer secretly borrowed a large sum of money for the sake of her husband’s, Torvald Helmer’s, life. Nora has never revealed the loan to Torvald and has been privately paying it off with her household allowance. When Torvald is appointed as bankRead MoreThe Doll House by Henrik Ibsen1215 Words   |  5 PagesTHE DOLL HOUSE The Society above Individual Freedom or The Suppression of the Woman The author Henrik Ibsen used the play to elaborate on the irony of the 19th century culture of restriction of individual freedom and excessive adherence to ‘societal norm’ at all cost without paying attention or having recourse to the core values and norms that brings about individual happiness and freedom. Torvald Helmer tried to elucidate the abnormality of seeking individual freedom instead of societal norm whenRead MoreA Doll House By Henrik Ibsen Essay1557 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"A Doll House† In the play â€Å"A Doll House† by Henrik Ibsen the story focuses on the gender differences between a man and woman. One way Ibsen display feminism in A Doll House is through the relationship of the two main characters Torvald and his wife Nora. Nora and Torvald to have the perfect life, however behind closed doors it isn’t as it seems. The play begins with a happily married couple and ends with a woman wanting to be her own human being. Nora has been treated like child throughout the

Manager Role in Implementing Change Free Essays

Manager Role in Implementing Change Nicole Paschel University of Phoenix HCS/ 475 Ashley Tennessee December 17, 2010 Manager Role in Implementing Change There are successful ways to implement changes in many different organization and all employees need to understand how the changes will benefit them and how it will affect their work daily. Managers within an organization that are seeking change need to bring the idea to their employees or management team to receive etiquette feedback. In this paper I will discuss Managers role and responsibility how manager successfully handle change. We will write a custom essay sample on Manager Role in Implementing Change or any similar topic only for you Order Now Managers know that any kind of changes whether it is new ideas, new technology or new programs can create concerns and in most cases resistance. Employees have many of their own reason for resisting changes within the organization. A good reason could be that many employees gain accustomed to the companies way of doing things and management come in with new approaches. These new approaches are expected to fall in line with the employees but this does cause the wall of resistance and this wall can become strong. Many employees look forward to changes benefiting them in ways so it is important that management empower people to agree and make changes in ways that would works for them as employee. Mangers will never face a situation where there are no problems with bringing in changes. When implanting these changes management need to understand why these changes are necessary, what need to be change and if there are any blocks to enable the changes, Most changes are not overnight so management needs to involve their selves in monitoring the changes making sure the changes works. Some are frighten by change and many can adapt to it these type of personalities are know as type A and type B personalities. Managers also need to be respectful to the employees while adjusting to the change and as well as the employees need to do the same with management. Employees need to also realize that management have a little more of a harder job and that is to make sure the changes is doing what it needs to do in benefiting the company and is the change benefiting their employees and keeping them happy or at least content. Every responds to change differently, so mangers and high staff needs to try to introduce these changes slowly so that it is not such a shock. Most employees would like to have a message about change from two people with authority, CEO or their immediate supervisor. Without those people of authority relaying the most descriptive message about the change this can develop into two reasons for employee resistance, lack of awareness about the change and they are comfortable with the way things are and fear of the unknown. During the change mangers need to understand their employees concerns during this time. There are key phases for managing employees during change: â€Å"Awareness of the need to change, Desire to participate and support the  change, Knowledge of how to change (and what the change looks like), Ability to implement the change on a day-to-day basis, and Reinforcement to keep the change in place. † Organization need to know that employees will proceed through the phase or change at different rate of speed† (Garrison Wynn,  2005. There are also six personal or professional phases that many employees go through when change is brought about. Employees may not go through the phase change in order. The six phases are: â€Å"1. Anticipation. The waiting stage. They really don’t know what to expect so they wait, anticipating what the future holds. 2. Confrontation. People begin to confront reality. Realizing that change is really going to happen or is happening. 3. Realization. Post change – Realizing that nothing is ever going to be as it once was. 4. Depression. Often a necessary step in the change process. This is the stage where a person mourns the past. 5. Acceptance of the change emotionally. Although they may still have reservations, they are not fighting the change at this stage. They may even see some of the benefits even if they are not completely convinced. 6. Enlightenment. In Phase 6, people completely accept the new change. In fact, many wonder how they ever managed the â€Å"old† way. Overall, they feel good about the change and accept it as the status quo from here forward. † (Garrison Wynn,  2005) With these different phases that is why it is hard to tell or determine how long changes will take to implement. If employees were not aware that any changes were required then reaction of employee may be, why change if change is not working or that the change was a waste of time. Mangers should be ready for the resistance to any change, prepare for it, and make special efforts to assess and deal with individual reactions to change. A manager or a person in leadership must develop a proper attitude toward the resistance of change that their employee may have. Looking at the thoughts that many may have and carefully listen to their concerns is something that managers must do to help with the resistance of the change. Engaging many with the change should be done after fully understanding the concerns of others. The best way to minimize resistance to change is to involve those who is responsible for the change and those who are affected by it. Consulting employees from the areas affected first hand and not leaving in the dark is another method of handling resistance. With involving those who are affected a test run of the new changes could help iron out the problem areas, get feedback on what is working well and find out how to improve the on the change to make it affective. In conclusion key to monitoring change effectively is to stay in touch with the people. Ask your employees questions and demonstrate concerns for their well being and committing to whatever is necessary to make the changes work. Most people feel comfortable with changes. The support of the managers and allowing the people to adjust to the change is greatly needed; it is also another way to let the people know the concern you may have for their well being. Managers must keep in mind that support from one another and allowing enough time and flexibility for the changes to take place is good leadership. No change takes place over night but with the help of every one pulling together it could make the changes a positive and an effective situation. It is best for everybody to be on one page and support one another. Reference: Garrison Wynn. (2005). Change Management. Retrieved from http://managingchange. biz/manage_change_resistance. html   Terez, Tom. (1990). Industrial Management. Retrieved from http://www. thefreelibrary. com/A+manager’s+guidelines+for+implementing+successful+operational†¦ -a08851664   (2008). The manager’s Role in Leading Change. Retrieved from http://www. healthscotland. com/uploads/documents/8308-LessonsInChangePart2. pdf How to cite Manager Role in Implementing Change, Essay examples

Acid Rain Eating Away Our Future free essay sample

This extensive paper looks at the phenomena of acid rain and its effects This paper explores how acid rain is produced, what its impact is on the environment, what has been done by government agencies to help the problem, how effective these measures have been, what individuals can do to help reduce this problem, what are the current technologies for reducing emissions and how these technologies can be used to reduce acid rain in the future. It demonstrates that current attempts to reduce emissions from power plants will not have a significant effect on acid rain reduction; and will support the idea that there is not a single solution to the problem of acid rain, but rather a combination of technologies and methods will have to be utilized to have a noticeable effect of the reduction of and repair of environmental destruction caused by acid rain. Table of Contents: Introduction How Acid Rain is Formed Effect of Acid Rain on the Environment How Large is This Problem? What Has Already Been Done to Reduce Emissions? Have These Measures Been Effective? What is the Future of the Acid Rain Issue? How Can an Individual Help? Current Trends in Alternative Power as a Solution to the Problem Summary Works Cited From the paper: Our modern world has many conveniences. We will write a custom essay sample on Acid Rain: Eating Away Our Future or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page We enjoy hot water, lights, computers, cars, and many other conveniences, which are now an integral part of our society. Many of us cannot imagine life without them. We seldom think about the costs every time we turn on a light. We do not think about the where the electricity is produced and what the effects on the environment might be. We simply turn on the light. As with all good things, there is a cost. One cost of our modern conveniences is acid rain caused by the burning of fossil fuels. The effects of acid rain came into the forefront during the early seventies as its effects began to be noticed on a global level. The impact of the effects of acid rain is considered to be of great concern to some and of little concern to others. No matter which side you are on, we all must agree that energy consumption will continue to increase globally and we must be weary of the effects of energy production and always stay focused on future generations.

Restructuring of an Architectural Marvel Sydney Opera House

Building of a new Opera House One of the wondrous of an architecture, an icon for art, Sydney Opera House is a piece of excellence and an evidence of refined technological skills. It is the face of Sydney and a worldwide fame for art and culture. The construction of Opera House was a task of full of challenges with intrusion of conflicting views and nose poking by the Government agencies (Fromonot, 1998). A well thought plan was not able to get implemented and the costs were escalating at an exponential rate. Hence, a new opera house construction is under the task and under the guidance of project management. The project aspirations should be mapped into well thought plans with missions and prospective goals. A capable organization For a capable organization, a competent project manager is the soul. They manage the objectives, build up the requirements, mange any kind of constraint imbibing to the principles of cost, scope and quality. These most critical aspects of time, cost and quality should be decided in the requirement analysis phase with a vision to complete the target in the proposed dimensions. Architectural freedom(Murray, 2003) is necessary but it should be provided within the permissible limits of laws and requirements, clearly stating everything required in the initial phase itself. The chief architect of SOH project, Utzon, was given complete freedom in every aspect of project development and there were intrusions from the Government before the completion of design which lead to a poor implementation with escalated costs and delayed completion. Hence, it is evident that requirement analysis phase (Bourne, 2007) is the most critical time of project analysis. The aspects of design should be amalgama ted with complexities of time and cost for efficient execution of the plan. For rebuilding SOH, requirements would be critically gathered and frozen before entering onto the next design phase and efficient construction plan would be prepared within the proposed deadline and prescribed budget before heading on to actual implementation. It is a myth that collaboration between the project heads would be sufficient for such a great project and hence it is essential to have project manager to dwell deeper into every critical issue and coordinate with the heads to manage and balance of the dimensions(Shofner, 2006) of project undertaken. Technical training for juniors architects is a must for executing highly skilled plan and project. A project manager wears a multi-colored hat of responsibilities(Kerzner, 2013) ensuring that everyone is feeling empowered and is executing respective tasks. Starting from development of the project plan, heading towards management of potential stakeholders, communication plans, project schedule, budget, and then moving forward for risks or potential threats. Project manager plays a principal role in real life projects. If there is an executing committee, member must be skilled and aware of every potential opportunity and beware of any potential threat. Strengths of any organization target ing for a new design of opera house would be the key stakeholders involved, their knowledge and skills, their innovative practices and their competencies to make a balance between cost, time and quality. Management skills and Innovation Capabilities to successfully complete the task would be borne out of a well made, discussed and implemented requirement document with an inclusion of every aspect of project headed by a manager. Innovation is a key catalyst(Cleland, 1999) and a driving force for every project management. At that time of development, technology was not so advanced to incorporate changes in the middle phases of project design but, as far as modern times are concerned, agile practices (Dalcher, 2009)can be put into effect so that any requirement change can be flexibly imbibed in the project plan and executed in the project design without much increase in costs or delays in the plan. The goals proposed should be optimistic but should prevent from being over optimistic. Semantic web (Schevers et.al, 2007) principles should be put into practice with latest advancements. Agile practices are innovative skills that should be made a part of the project for redesigning of SOH project in order to prevent any kind of delays or potential failures. To bring ideas to fruition, government policies, clients requirements and project budgets must be clearly defined and understood prior to initiation of design phase. An extensive analysis phase is required by a skilled team in order to accommodate every necessary element of project development. Other innovative strategies for construction of the roof should be implemented by finalizing the architecture plan and including all the aspects of technical, transformational and transactional roles(Watson, 2006). There must be graphically mapped engineering design techniques implemented for design of various patterns of the roofs to minimize the cost and optimize the presentation. Earlier the process for roof design was iterative but now conventional approaches should be overcome by other models of project development which includes risks, call for changes and are efficient in enhancing the productivity and construction practices in less amount of time. Various layers can be constructed in parallel with an aim to reduce time of overall project development. Relevant domains of knowledge It is quite critical to excel and empower in key knowledge arenas before taking up the project. This large scaled SOH project needs to have a leader more than a manager. There are various areas such as project perspective, architectural bend, engineering excellence(Morris, 1983), project analysis, critical evaluation, risk management, resource allocation etc. which needs to be mastered. There is a need of various innovative practices, and project tools for management tasks like, work breakdown structures, value management, and critical path analysis etc. Project manager should have a control of every dimension of the project and he is the face of it. An architect project lead should have multi-faceted design (House, 1976)approach and should cooperate with construction manager or consultant to cater to the issues of budget, quality control or scheduling. An engineering project lead should have an insight through all stages of research and development taking into account a knowledge of laws, requirements or infrastructure varying from region to region. Cordial relation with communities It is crucial to develop cordial and communicative relationship, with all the committees involved by including their fair requirements and by catering to their policies which fall in the domain of the project tasks. Also, some of the constraints of the project should be explained by the project manager to the committees involved. This is an evidence of competency of the project manager and the team. Communities are appointed to monitor all the tasks and to have a control over the activities, budget and time of the project. Project manager must have an open communication with these communities in order to incorporate requirements, changes, updates, potential opportunities(El-Sabaa, 2001) or threats for the ongoing project. Views and feedback of the communities must be regarded and respected. Feasibility check Economic Aspect: Economically the project can be balanced to have a proper planning prior to the design phase by freezing the requirements and to keep a margin to incorporate changes at a later phase. A complete budget report(Whetten, 2011) should be prepared and discussed with the respective authority. Technical Aspect: It is quite feasible to include various innovative and technologically advanced practices into the functioning but keeping a check over knowledge and skills of the construction workers and junior engineers involved. Computer aided design (Drew, 1999)techniques must be included with proper guidance given to the staff for an effective use. Operational Aspect: The construction and engineering tasks taken up by the project should be aided by consultants and experienced managers in order to effectively operate the procedures and develop the tasks. Gaps and Requirements PRESENT SYSTEM GAP(Y/N) REQUIREMENTS Cost overrun Y An extensive insight into costs and preparing an initial contract for overall cost with slight modifications Deadline exceeded Y Complete planning and full analysis of time schedule with due dates and abidance of deadlines Iterative but innovative practices Y Technologically proficient and incorporating of agile principles into practice along with tools Non flexible to include changes at a later phase Y Flexible approaches towards project development Manual planning and compilation Y Automated tools and principles of constructions and management COMMUNICATION PLAN Communication plan for the project should be planned well in advance and must be fulfilled as per the assigned roles. The documents are an agreement and hence they should be prepared, preserved and practiced during the project life cycle. Stakeholder Document Name Document format Document Due date Project Manager, Project Engineer, Project Architect, Client Requirement Analysis Document Complete requirements from coordination of clients Before initiation of design phase and freezing of requirements and plan Project Manager, Project Engineer, Project Architect Design Document Mapping of requirements to structure design for approval Before starting of construction project, design should be complete Project Manager Government Agencies, Client Legal Document Approved document with law and order Before and during requirement analysis Project Manager, Project Architect, Contractor Construction Manual Technical document specifying intricacies of architectural details and designs At the end of the design phase to initiate construction phase. Project Manager, Project Engineer Interior Manual Design specification for interior engineering and mechanical principles and requirements To be prepared partially before initiation of construction phase and partly during it. Project Manager, Committee, Client Milestones Report A periodic analysis of development cycle and achievable milestones During complete life cycle of project development. Hence, it is widely exemplified that the role of a project manager is really crucial in regard with every communication plan, to monitor and act as a bridge between every other stakeholder and maintaining a good flow of communication via written documents among all the stakeholders in all the phases of project development and construction. Risks associated With adoption of various innovation techniques and best technological practices, there are various risks incurring such as delays due to natural factors, change of government policies, on-site accidents and numerous more. One would be crucial selection of engineers and architects to be appointed for the project, to check their competency for a large scale, multi-million dollar project and to evaluate their experience and skills. This could be done by efficient screening prior to allocation of tasks. An unquestionable lead of the project manager could lead to a greater risk for avoiding potential drawbacks occurring in the development of the system. A collaboration of team and suggestions by all should be welcomed and given regard to come up with a best design in least possible time and budget. Input of some great minds is better than lead of one individual. In case of any appointed committee(Ziegler, 1973), members should be able to guide the practices and not just hold a political v iew. Other construction, technical or performance risks were involved with introduction of new technologies and use of computer aided mechanisms with less competency of workers. # Risk Area Likelihood Risk Owner Project Impact-Mitigation Plan 1 Site accidents during construction leading to loss of life or curbing the development High The responsibility of risks lies over the Project Architect who is planning and controlling the tasks and over contractor handling the construction job Site accidents can be controlled by careful monitoring of the plan and careful implementation of activities. 2 Inexperienced personnel either in team, committee or governing body. Medium This is the task of project manager to appoint personnel based over experience in large scale real life projects Complete and careful screening of contenders and having an insight into their working background. 3 Incompetency of committee selected Medium Government who appointed the committee members Technically aware group to provide valuable suggestions 4 Introduction of new technologies Medium Project manager and other heads adopting new technologies with untrained personnel Training of the employees with use of computers to calculate mechanical aspects The final plan Hence, it is suggested to have a final plan with lead of a project manager, specifying all the critical details prior to design phase and with humble coordination of appointed legal committees and government. So, rebuilding of Opera House could be successful with blend of innovation and spices of management. APPENDIX Stakeholders It is really important to have an insight of who is important and what counts for the development of any architectural project. Stakeholders can pose both as an opportunity or as a potential threat. Position Internal/ External Role PROJECT MANAGER INTERNAL To have a control over each department and analyze monitor all the elements of project LEAD ARCHITECT INTERNAL To develop project plan well completed in requirement phase to incur a list of complete architect and techniques used with potential technologies required. LEAD ENIGINEERING INTERNAL To have a deep analysis of structural engineering and to incorporate key ideas of every field of engineering and to develop plans. CONTRACTORS OR SUB-CONTRACTORS INTERNAL OR EXTERNAL To take up contracts handling physics of system, mechanics of the project and other essential requirements. LEGAL COMMITTEES(Should be technically aware and skilled) EXTERNAL To monitor the tasks and have a check about deadline and costs. GOVERNEMNT AGENCIES EXTERNAL To go hand in hand with legal constructs and to give permissions and a threshold for freedom for architectural plans. CUSTOMER OR CLIENT( state of new South Wales) EXTERNAL To approve and mention all the requirements prior to design and to cooperate in project development. CONSULTING FIRMS EXTERNAL To handle technologies required like computer based 3D site positioning machine or geothermal pumps etc. CONSTRUCTION WORKERS EXTERNAL To build required designs in the allotted budget and within the time line of deadlines. KEY STAKEHOLDERS This table gives relevant skills and roles taken up by each stakeholder. Project Manager Project Engineer Project Architect Committees Government Agencies Organization SOH SOH SOH SOH SOH, NSW Role in Project Leader, Mentor, Controller Key issues regarding engineering aspects Key issues for design and modeling Monitor and check the ongoing process Legalize and politicize the proceedings Unique Features Competent Leadership, Visionary Knowledgeable, Skilled, Competent, Technological Skilled, Efficient Cooperative, Skilled, Technical Legal, Cooperative, Less intrusive Level of Interest Major Major Major High Medium Level of Influence Major High High Medium Medium Suggestions on managing relationship Efficient to collaborate everything under one umbrella Skilled and technically aware to manage key tasks or outsource new technology Skilled and aware of best suited design techniques and control over construction workers Should completely justify any suggestions and be flexible to accept any decisions suited for the project Should not interfere more than required and pre-decide the required threshold of freedom.